1513 - Swiss papal forces defeated the French at the Battle of Novara in Italy during the War of the Holy League.
1523 - Regent Gustav Vasa was crowned King Gustav I of
Sweden. During his reign, Gustav I laid the foundations of the Swedish
national state. The church was turned into a national institution, its
estates were confiscated, and the Protestant Reformation was
introduced. His political strength grew with the "Stockholm blood bath"
of 1520.
1660 - The Peace of Copenhagen was signed, ending the war between Sweden and Denmark.
1683 - The first public museum, The Ashmolean, was opened at Oxford, England.
1801 - The war between Spain and Portugal known as the War of the Oranges ended with the Treaty of Badajoz being signed.
1816 - In one of the latest snowfalls ever, ten inches of snow fell on New England.
1833 - Andrew Jackson became the first United States
President to ride in a railroad car. He boarded a Baltimore & Ohio,
B&O, passenger train in Baltimore, Maryland.
1844 - The Young Men's Christian Association, the YMCA, was founded in London.
1862 - After a brief battle between Confederate and Union
gunboats, Memphis, Tennesee, surrendered to Union forces in the
American Civil War.
1882 - H.W. Seely of New York City patented the first electric flatiron. Today we call his invention the electric iron.
1890 - In New York City, the United States Polo Association was formed.
1904 - The National Tuberculosis Association was formed in New Jersey's Atlantic City.
1925 - Walter Percy Chrysler founded Chrysler Corp.
1932 - The first federal tax on gasoline in the United States was enacted. Then the rate was only a penny per gallon.
1933 - The world's first drive-in movie theater opened in
Camden, New Jersey. It had parking accommodations for 500 cars and
displayed a projection screen forty by fifty feet.
1934 - The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission was established to protect the interests of investors.
1938 - The NBC Red radio network presented "Stella
Dallas" for the first time. The serial was supposedly “the true to life
story of mother love and sacrifice.” Until 1955, "Stella Dallas"
continued to do all this and more.
1942 - In Hartford, Connecticut, Adeline Gray made the first nylon-parachute jump.
1942 - Japanese forces retreated in the World War II Battle of Midway.
1944 - With this its first presentation, CBS radio saluted America’s war doctors with "The Doctor Fights."
1944 - "D-Day": the Allied forces began the invasion of
Normandy, France, during World War II. The assault was led by the
largest invasion fleet in history - 1,200 fighting ships, 10,000
planes, and more than 150,000 soldiers. The successful landing was
hailed as the beginning of the end of Nazi Germany.
1946 - New York City was home to the formation of the Basketball Association of America.
1949 - "1984," George Orwell's vision of a world ruled by Big Brother, was published.
1956 - Gogi Grant, born Audrey Brown, reached the
"Billboard" singles chart's top spot for the first and only time in her
career. Her hit, "The Wayward Wind", stayed at the top for eight weeks
and spent 22 weeks on the music charts. It was her second record
release; the first, in October, 1955, was "Suddenly There’s a Valley"
which climbed to number nine.
1960 - Singer Bing Crosby was presented a platinum disc
to commemorate his 200,000,000th record sold. He achieved this from his
2,600 recorded singles and 125 albums. Ten years later, he received a
second platinum disc when 300,650,000 records had been sold by Decca.
Crosby's global lifetimes sales on 179 labels in 28 countries totaled
400,000,000 records.
1962 - Although he changed his mind after meeting the
group, EMI Records producer George Martin said of The Beatles "They're
pretty awful," when he heard the playback of their audition tapes.
1964 - I Get Around, recorded by The Beach Boys, entered Billboard's
pop record charts on this date, and was in the Number 1 position for 2
weeks. It stayed on the charts for 13 weeks, and was later certified
gold.
1966 - America's Gemini 9 spacecraft splashed down after
a three-day mission during which astronaut Eugene Cernan walked in
space for a record 2 hours 8 minutes.
1966 - Black activist James Meredith was shot and
wounded as he walked along a Mississippi highway to encourage black
voter registration.
1968 - Sen. Robert F. Kennedy died at Good Samaritan Hospital in Los Angeles, a day after he was shot by Sirhan Sirhan.
1970 - The Love You Save, recorded by The Jackson 5, entered Billboard's pop charts and later hit Number 1 for 2 weeks. The single was on the charts for 12 weeks. Three Dog Night's hit single, Mama Told Me (Not To Come),
also debuted on the charts on this date. It peaked at Number 1 for 2
weeks, and stayed on the charts for a total of 13 weeks. It was later
certified gold.
1971 - "The Ed Sullivan Show" left CBS-TV - it had been
a showcase for more than 20 years for artists who ranged from Ethel
Merman to Ella Fitzgerald, from Steve and Eydie to the Beatles. "The Ed
Sullivan Show" was the longest running variety show on TV.
1971 - John Lennon and Yoko Ono joined Frank Zappa's
group Mothers of Invention on stage at the Fillmore East, where they
performed a few numbers together.
1972 - An underground explosion at the Wankie colliery in Rhodesia killed 427 miners.
1973 - Barry White was awarded a gold record for "I’m
Gonna Love You Just a Little More Baby," his first hit and his first of
five number one, million copy sellers. In 1960, White began recording.
He formed the group, Love Unlimited, in 1969, and eventually married
one of the singers in the group, Glodean James. He also formed the
40-piece Love Unlimited Orchestra which enjoyed the number-one hit,
"Love’s Theme" in 1973.
1976 - 35,000 people were left homeless when a dam burst In eastern Idaho.
1978 - California passed proposition 13. Voters supported
Senator Howard Jarvis in cutting property taxes 57 percent. This was
seen as the start of a taxpayer revolt against high taxes and excessive
government spending.
1978 - The newsmagazine TV program, 20/20, debuted with host Ted Koppel. The initial ratings were poor; Koppel was fired, and Hugh Downs was brought on board as anchor.
1980 - For the second time in a week, U.S. nuclear forces went on red alert following a computer error warning of a Soviet attack.
1981 - In the world's worst rail disaster, seven coaches
of an overcrowded passenger train were blown off the tracks into the
River Kosi, in Bihar, India. At least 800 people were killed.
1982 - Israel launched a full-scale invasion against
Lebanon. In the operation "Peace for Galilee," Israeli troops besieged
and bombed Beirut. During the invasion, 14,000 people were killed and
30,000 injured, the vast majority civilians. While Israel claimed the
invasion was in self-defense, the United Nations and human rights
organizations considered it illegal and immoral.
1984 - Indian troops stormed the Golden Temple at Amritsar, the Sikh's holiest shrine, killing an estimated 1,000 people.
1985 - Authorities in Brazil exhumed a body later
identified as the remains of Dr. Josef Mengele, the notorious "Angel of
Death" of the Holocaust.
1987 - Steffi Graf beat Martina Navratiloa for her first Grand Slam title in Paris.
1993 - Latvian Way, an alliance headed by former Communist Anatolijs Gorbunovs, won power in Latvia.
1994 - A Chinese airliner on a domestic flight from the
tourist center of Xian crashed killing all 160 people on board in the
country's worst reported air accident.
1995 - Japanese Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama and
his ruling coalition agreed to express "deep remorse" for Japan's acts
of aggression in World War II.
1995 - South Africa abolished the death penalty.
1996 - Britain and Ireland named former U.S. Sen. George Mitchell as chairman of all-party peace talks on Northern Ireland.
1997 - Caoimhghin O Caolain won a seat in Ireland's
election becoming the first member of Sinn Fein, political wing of the
IRA, to enter Ireland's parliament.
1997 - Actress Farrah Fawcett, during a disturbing appearance on David Letterman's Late Night TV talk show, rambled incoherently, which sparked rumors of drug use or mental illness.
1998 - The Boy is Mine, recorded by Brandy and Monica, jumped into the Number 1 spot on the pop charts, and stayed there for 10 weeks.
1999 - Bob Dylan and Paul Simon - two of the most
influential and prolific songwriters of the last half century - hit the
road together for the first time for a historic tour beginning on this
date in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Performing some the of most
memorable and cherished songs of our time, Dylan and Simon - supported
by their respective bands - had never performed together in public.
1994 - U.S. President Bill Clinton and other dignitaries
from around the world visited Normandy, France. Many D-Day veterans
joined them to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Operation Overlord
and to pay respect to the thousands who died there in World War II.
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